In the heart of America, where the rolling plains of Oklahoma meet the lush forests of Arkansas, a grand vision was born. This vision would transform the modest Arkansas River into a bustling artery of commerce and connectivity, forever changing the landscape and economy of the region.
The story begins in the mid-20th century, a time when the United States was rapidly expanding its infrastructure. The idea for the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System was initially proposed by the Arkansas River Survey Board of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 1943.
The Arkansas River, though picturesque, was shallow and unpredictable, making it initially unsuitable for reliable navigation. However, the potential it held was undeniable. In 1946, the U.S. Congress approved a project that would tame the river’s wild nature and harness its power for the benefit of the nation.
Named in honor of of Senators John L. McClellan of Arkansas and Robert S. Kerr of Oklahoma, the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System (MKARNS) was an enormous project.
The stated purpose of the construction, which started in 1963, was to build a navigation channel that would run 445 miles from the Mississippi River to the Tulsa Port of Catoosa in Oklahoma.
The cost of the eight-year project across the two states was a staggering $1.2 billion dollars. Using the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ CPI Inflation Calculator, the adjusted cost would be approximately $9.5 billion in 2024 dollars.
The project required the construction of 18 locks and dams, each a marvel of engineering. These structures would control the flow of the river, creating a series of reservoirs that allowed for year-round navigation.
The first section of the system, reaching Little Rock opened on January 1, 1969. By 1971, the entire system was operational, and the first barge arrived at the Port of Catoosa, marking a new era of economic opportunity for the region.
The now-navigable river quickly became a vital transportation route, facilitating the movement of goods such as agricultural products, petroleum, and coal. Barge traffic on the river proved to be more efficient and environmentally friendly compared to rail or truck transport. The system not only boosted local economies but also played a crucial role in flood control and water management.
The eleven Lock and dams along the Arkansas River in Arkansas and Oklahoma that are part of the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System:
Murray Lock and Dam: Located in Little Rock
David D. Terry Lock and Dam: Near Little Rock
Emmett Sanders Lock and Dam: Near Pine Bluff
Lock and Dam No. 2: Near Dardanelle
Ozark-Jeta Taylor Lock and Dam: Near Ozark
James W. Trimble Lock and Dam: Near Fort Smith
W. D. Mayo Lock and Dam: Located at navigation mile 319.6, about 9 miles southwest of Fort Smith near Spiro/Fort Coffee
Robert S. Kerr Lock and Dam: Near Sallisaw
Webbers Falls Lock and Dam: Near Webbers Falls
Newt Graham Lock and Dam: Near Inola
In addition to the impact on commerce the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System has significantly enhanced recreational opportunities in the region.
Here are some of the key activities and facilities that have developed as a result:
Boating and Fishing: The reservoirs created by the locks and dams provide excellent opportunities for boating and fishing. Anglers can enjoy fishing for species like bass, catfish, and crappie.
Camping: Numerous campgrounds have been established along the river, offering both primitive and modern camping facilities.
Hiking and Biking: Trails along the river provide scenic routes for hiking and biking, allowing visitors to explore the natural beauty of the area.
Picnicking: Many parks and picnic areas have been developed, providing perfect spots for family outings and gatherings.
Wildlife Viewing: The diverse habitats along the river support a variety of wildlife, making it a great location for bird watching and nature photography.
Major recreational facilities have sprung up along the water route over the years including but not limited to:
Boat Ramps: Numerous boat ramps have been installed to facilitate easy access to the river for recreational boating.
Parks: Several parks have been developed, offering amenities such as playgrounds, picnic shelters, and restrooms.
Marinas: Marinas along the river provide docking facilities, boat rentals, and other services for boaters.
These facilities and activities have made the a popular destination for outdoor enthusiasts and families alike.
The Arkansas River Navigation System is a living example of human tenacity and invention. It still keeps the heartland afloat by promoting trade, leisure, and environmental conservation.
A legacy that connects communities and promotes growth throughout the heart of America is the result of the visionaries who aspired to tame the river.
